Łukasz Walec: /* Selenium Grid */

2014-07-01T13:35:01Z

Selenium Grid

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== Locators ==

Source code:

<pre>
<div id="header-container">
<div id="header">
<div id="logotype">Logotype</div>
</div>
</div>
</pre>

Locators for the element containing text Logotype:

<pre>
id=logotype

css=#logotype
css=#header > div
css=#header-container > div > div
css=[id='logotype']
css=div[id*='ogo']
css=div[id^='logo']
css=div[id$='type']

xpath=//*[@id='logotype']
xpath=//*[@id='header']/div
xpath=//*[@id='header-container']/div/div
xpath=//*[@id='header-container']//div[@id='logotype']
xpath=//div[contains(@id, 'ogo')]
xpath=//div[starts-with(@id, 'logo')]
xpath=//div[ends-with(@id, 'type')]
</pre>

Source code:

<pre>
<div id="navigation-container">
<div id="navigation">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="index.html">Menu item 1</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="index.html">Menu item 2</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="index.html">Menu item 3</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="index.html">Menu item 4</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</pre>

Locators for the element containing text Menu item 3:

<pre>
css=#navigation > ul > li:nth-of-type(3) > a
css=#navigation > ul > li:nth-child(3) > a
css=#navigation li:nth-child(3) > a

xpath=//*[@id='navigation']/ul/li[3]/a
xpath=//*[@id='navigation']/*/li[3]/a
xpath=//*[@id='navigation']//li[3]/a
</pre>

Source code:

<pre>
<div id="main">
<div id="content">
<div id="hero">
<h1>Page title</h1>
<p>Element 1. I aim to create simple yet engaging Web sites that
enable users to easily achieve their objective. Read on to find out
more about how I work, or get in touch if you've got a project
you’d like to discuss or you'd just like to say hello.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</pre>

Locators for the element containing text Page title:

<pre>
css=h1
css=#hero > h1

xpath=//h1
xpath=//*[@id='hero']/h1
xpath=//*[text()='Page title']
</pre>

Locators for the element containing text Element 1:

<pre>
css=#hero > p
css=h1 + p

xpath=//p[starts-with(text(), 'Element 1')]
xpath=//h1/following-sibling::p
</pre>

Source code:

<pre>
<div id="feature-container">
<div id="feature">
<div class="box">
<h3>Service 1</h3>
<div class="note">Element 2. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet erat.
Fusce iaculis, turpis id enim. Mauris pretium, ipsum feugiat
ultrices tortor et malesuada velit pretium.</div>
<div>
<img src="icon-check.svg" width="20" height="16" alt="" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<h3>Service 2</h3>
<div class="note">Element 3. Nunc volutpat tempus malesuada.
Donec consectetuer lobortis eu, vulputate fringilla.
Morbi nisl mollis nunc volutpat id, libero.</div>
<div>
<img src="icon-check.svg" width="20" height="16" alt="" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<h3>Service 3</h3>
<div class="note">Element 4. Aliquam erat ac ipsum. Integer
aliquam purus. Quisque lorem tortor fringilla sed, vestibulum
id, eleifend justo vel bibendum sapien.</div>
<div>
<img src="icon-check.svg" width="20" height="16" alt="" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</pre>

Locators for the element containing text Service 3:

<pre>
css=#feature > .box:nth-child(3) > h3
css=#feature > .box:last-child > h3
css=.box:nth-child(3) > h3

xpath=//*[@id='feature']/*[3][@class='box']/h3
xpath=//*[@id='feature']/*[@class='box'][last()]/h3
xpath=//*[@id='feature']/*[@class='box']/following-sibling::*[2]
xpath=//*[3][@class='box']/h3
xpath=//*[@id='feature']//*[text()='Service 3']
</pre>

Locators for the element containing text Element 3:

<pre>
css=#feature > .box:nth-child(2) > .note

xpath=//*[@id='feature']/*[2]/*[@class='note']
</pre>

Source code:

<pre>
<div id="newsflash-container">
<div id="newsflash">
<h2>Newsflash</h2>
<p>Element 5. Donec consectetuer lobortis eu, vulputate fringilla.
Morbi nisl mollis nunc volutpat id, libero.</p>
<h3>News 1</h3>
<div class="note">Element 6. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet erat.
Fusce iaculis, turpis id enim. Mauris pretium, ipsum feugiat
ultrices tortor et malesuada velit pretium.</div>
<h3>News 2</h3>
<div class="note">Element 7. Nunc volutpat tempus malesuada.
Donec consectetuer lobortis eu, vulputate fringilla. Morbi nisl
mollis nunc volutpat id, libero.</div>
<h3>News 3</h3>
<div class="note">Element 8. Aliquam erat ac ipsum. Integer
aliquam purus. Quisque lorem tortor fringilla sed, vestibulum
id, eleifend justo vel bibendum sapien.</div>
</div>
</div>
</pre>

Locators for the element containing text Element 7:

<pre>
css=#newsflash .note:nth-of-type(2)
css=#newsflash h3:nth-of-type(2) + div

xpath=//*[@id='newsflash']/div[2][@class='note']
xpath=//*[@id='newsflash']/h3[2]/following-sibling::div
xpath=//*[@class='note'][contains(text(), 'Element 7')]
</pre>

Source code:

<pre>
<div id="footer-container">
<div id="footer">
<div class="grid-9">Footnote 1. Donec consectetuer lobortis eu,
vulputate fringilla. Morbi nisl mollis nunc volutpat id, libero.</div>
<div class="grid-3 text-right">Footnote 2</div>
</div>
</div>
</pre>

Locators for the element containing text Footnote 2:

<pre>
css=#footer > div.grid-3
css=#footer > div:nth-child(2)
css=#footer > div + div

xpath=//*[@id='footer']/div[@class='grid-3 text-right']
xpath=//*[@id='footer']/div[2]
xpath=//*[@id='footer']/*[2]
xpath=//*[@id='footer']/div/following-sibling::div
</pre>

== Remote WebDriver ==

WebDriver can use local or external Selenium server, which we can run with the command:

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.42.2.jar

It will be required to add the appropriate classes in the source code:

import java.net.URL;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;

Working with Selenium server also requires adding:

DesiredCapabilities capability = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
capability.setBrowserName("firefox");

Present in the code, default Firefox driver:

driver = new FirefoxDriver();

Is replaced by the definition of an external Selenium server:

<nowiki>driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub"), capability);</nowiki>

Support for other browsers is implemented using drivers developed independently of the Selenium project. You can attach them to Selenium server using command:

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.42.2.jar -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -Dwebdriver.ie.driver=IEDriverServer.exe

Running tests in other browsers is done by selecting the driver. For Chrome browser:

capability.setBrowserName("chrome");

Similarly for Internet Explorer browser:

capability.setBrowserName("internet explorer");

You can also specify the version of the browser and the platform on which you want to run the test:

capability.setBrowserName("firefox");
capability.setVersion("25.0.1");
capability.setPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS);

Selenium Server or the Node within the Selenium Grid has to be configured first.

== Selenium Grid ==

Selenium Server as a Hub:

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.42.2.jar -role hub

The console is available at:

<nowiki>http://localhost:4444/grid/console</nowiki>

Register the Node with network address 192.168.0.50 at Selenium Hub with network address 192.168.0.10:

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.42.2.jar -role webdriver -hubHost 192.168.0.10 -host 192.168.0.50

Each Node can have its configuration of available browsers in a separate file. The contents of nodeConfig.json file:

<pre>
{
"class": "org.openqa.grid.common.RegistrationRequest",
"capabilities": [
{
"platform": "WINDOWS",
"seleniumProtocol": "WebDriver",
"browserName": "firefox",
"maxInstances": 4
},
{
"platform": "WINDOWS",
"seleniumProtocol": "WebDriver",
"browserName": "chrome",
"maxInstances": 4
},
{ "platform": "WINDOWS",
"seleniumProtocol": "WebDriver",
"browserName": "internet explorer",
"version": 8,
"maxInstances": 1
}
],
"configuration": {
"register": true,
"role": "node",
"hubHost": "192.168.0.10",
"host": "192.168.0.50"
}
}
</pre>

Use of a configuration file:

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.42.2.jar -role webdriver -nodeConfig nodeConfig.json

== Screenshots ==

Needed classes:

<pre>
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.io.File;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
</pre>

In the source code, in desired location you must add:

Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
SimpleDateFormat formater = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd_hhmmss");

File screenshotFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshotFile, new File("C:\\Selenium\\screenshot_" + formater.format(calendar.getTime()) + ".png"));

In case of remote requests using RemoteWebDriver, getScreenshotAs method is not implemented and requires the creation of a virtual driver:

WebDriver augmentedDriver = new Augmenter().augment(driver);
File screenshotFile = ((TakesScreenshot)augmentedDriver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

The definition of the driver should be placed before the screenshot command.

== TestNG ==

Running tests using TestNG requires changes in the code. Currently, are imported classes from JUnit package:

import org.junit.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

We will replace them with classes from TestNG package:

import org.testng.annotations.*;
import static org.testng.Assert.*;

At the same time JUnit annotations:

@Before
@Test
@After

We will replace with annotations suitable for TestNG:

@BeforeTest
@Test
@AfterTest

After such changes, development environment, will have the ability to run tests using TestNG.

The tests can be parameterised using a separate configuration file. Parameters are passed using annotation that needs to be added to the code:

@Parameters

Parameters will be available as variables.

The contents of testng.xml file:

<pre>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="MySuite" verbose="1" thread-count="1" parallel="tests">
<tests>
<test name="Windows + Firefox">
<parameters>
<parameter name="platform" value="WINDOWS" />
<parameter name="browser" value="firefox" />
</parameters>
<classes>
<class name="MyTest" />
</classes>
</test>
<test name="Windows + Chrome">
<parameters>
<parameter name="platform" value="WINDOWS" />
<parameter name="browser" value="chrome" />
</parameters>
<classes>
<class name="MyTest" />
</classes>
</test>
<test name="Windows + Internet Explorer">
<parameters>
<parameter name="platform" value="WINDOWS" />
<parameter name="browser" value="internet explorer" />
</parameters>
<classes>
<class name="MyTest" />
</classes>
</test>
<test name="Linux + Firefox">
<parameters>
<parameter name="platform" value="LINUX" />
<parameter name="browser" value="firefox" />
</parameters>
<classes>
<class name="MyTest" />
</classes>
</test>
<test name="Linux + Chrome">
<parameters>
<parameter name="platform" value="LINUX" />
<parameter name="browser" value="chrome" />
</parameters>
<classes>
<class name="MyTest" />
</classes>
</test>
</tests>
</suite>
</pre>

Edit Run configuration, change option from Class to Suite and specify the full path to testng.xml file.

== Apache Ant ==

Ant tool allows you to automate build and run tests from the command line. It requires a separate build.xml configuration file:

<pre>
<project name="TestNGTest" default="test" basedir=".">
<taskdef name="testng" classname="org.testng.TestNGAntTask">
<classpath>
<pathelement location="lib/testng-6.8.jar"/>
</classpath>
</taskdef>
<property name="testdir" location="test" />
<property name="srcdir" location="src" />
<property name="libdir" location="lib" />
<property name="full-compile" value="true" />
<path id="classpath.base"/>
<path id="classpath.test">
<fileset dir="${libdir}">
<include name="**/*.jar" />
</fileset>
<pathelement location="${testdir}" />
<pathelement location="${srcdir}" />
<path refid="classpath.base" />
</path>
<target name="clean">
<delete verbose="${full-compile}">
<fileset dir="${testdir}" includes="**/*.class" />
</delete>
</target>
<target name="compile" depends="clean">
<javac srcdir="${srcdir}" destdir="${testdir}" verbose="${full-compile}">
<classpath refid="classpath.test"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="test" depends="compile">
<testng outputdir="${testdir}" classpathref="classpath.test">
<xmlfileset dir="${srcdir}" includes="testng.xml"/>
</testng>
</target>
</project>
</pre>

Configuration defines the structure of the project and the location of the libraries, source files and files related to running the test. The structure of the workspace:

<pre>
workspace
├── build.xml
├── lib
│ ├── selenium-server-standalone-2.42.2.jar
│ └── testng-6.8.jar
├── src
│ ├── MyTest.java
│ └── testng.xml
└── test
</pre>

To run the test, execute ant program in the workspace directory.

The source code of MyTest.java file with sample test that uses the parameters:

<pre>
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.testng.annotations.*;
import static org.testng.Assert.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;

public class MyTest {
private WebDriver driver;
private String baseUrl;
private StringBuffer verificationErrors = new StringBuffer();

@Parameters({"platform", "browser"})

@BeforeTest(alwaysRun = true)
public void setUp(String platform, String browser) throws Exception {
DesiredCapabilities capability = new DesiredCapabilities();

if (browser.equals("chrome")) {
capability = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
capability.setBrowserName("chrome");
}
else if (browser.equals("internet explorer")) {
capability = DesiredCapabilities.internetExplorer();
capability.setBrowserName("internet explorer");
}
else {
capability = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
capability.setBrowserName("firefox");
}

if (platform.equals("LINUX")) {
capability.setPlatform(Platform.LINUX);
}
else if (platform.equals("MAC")) {
capability.setPlatform(Platform.MAC);
}
else {
capability.setPlatform(Platform.WINDOWS);
}

driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL("http://192.168.0.10:4444/wd/hub"), capability);
baseUrl = "https://www.google.com";
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}

@Test
public void testMyTest() throws Exception {
driver.get(baseUrl + "/");
driver.findElement(By.id("gbqfq")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("gbqfq")).sendKeys("Selenium");
driver.findElement(By.id("gbqfb")).click();
assertEquals("Selenium - Web Browser Automation", driver.findElement(By.xpath("//ol[@id='rso']//li//h3/a")).getText());
}

@AfterTest
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
driver.quit();
String verificationErrorString = verificationErrors.toString();
if (!"".equals(verificationErrorString)) {
fail(verificationErrorString);
}
}
}
</pre>

== Page Objects ==

This design pattern has become popular in test automation, because it facilitates tests maintenance.

The Source code of SimpleGoogleSearchTest.java file:

<pre>
import org.junit.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class SimpleGoogleSearchTest {
private WebDriver driver;
private String baseUrl;

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
baseUrl = "https://www.google.com";
}

@Test
public void SimpleGoogleSearchTest() {
driver.get(baseUrl + "/");
driver.findElement(By.id("gbqfq")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("gbqfq")).sendKeys("Selenium");
driver.findElement(By.id("gbqfb")).click();
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//ol[@id='rso']//li//h3/a")));
assertEquals("Selenium - Web Browser Automation", driver.findElement(By.xpath("//ol[@id='rso']//li//h3/a")).getText());
}

@After
public void tearDown() {
driver.quit();
}
}
</pre>

The Source code of GoogleSearchTest.java file:
<pre>
import org.junit.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class GoogleSearchTest {
private WebDriver driver;

@Before
public void setUp() {
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
}

@Test
public void GoogleSearchTest() {
GoogleHomePage homePage = GoogleHomePage.open(driver);
GoogleSearchResultsPage resultsPage = homePage.search("Selenium");
assertEquals("Selenium - Web Browser Automation", resultsPage.getTopResult());
}

@After
public void tearDown() {
driver.quit();
}
}
</pre>

The Source code of GoogleHomePage.java file:
<pre>
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class GoogleHomePage {
private WebDriver driver;

@FindBy(id="gbqfq")
private WebElement searchField;

@FindBy(id="gbqfb")
private WebElement searchButton;

public GoogleHomePage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
}

public static GoogleHomePage open(WebDriver driver) {
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");

return PageFactory.initElements(driver, GoogleHomePage.class);
}

public GoogleSearchResultsPage search(String searchTerm) {
searchField.clear();
searchField.sendKeys(searchTerm);
searchButton.click();

return PageFactory.initElements(driver, GoogleSearchResultsPage.class);
}
}
</pre>

The Source code of GoogleSearchResultsPage.java file:
<pre>
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class GoogleSearchResultsPage {
private WebDriver driver;

@FindBy(xpath="//ol[@id='rso']//li//h3/a")
private WebElement topResultTitle;

public GoogleSearchResultsPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
}

public String getTopResult() {
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(topResultTitle));

return topResultTitle.getText();
}
}
</pre>

[[Category:Selenium]]

Test Automation with Selenium - Revision history

Łukasz Walec: /* Selenium Grid */