Ivasiletc at 10:13, 28 April 2021

2021-04-28T10:13:10Z

New page

[[Category:Private]]
[[Category:OCUP2]]
==Module 4. Class Diagram⌘==
===Class Diagram⌘===
[[File:ClassDiagramExample.png]]

This is structure diagram which presents structure of the designed system at the level of classes, interfaces and relationships - generalizations, associations, dependencies, ...
====Element⌘====
[[File:UMLElement.png]]

Metaclass '''''Element'''''
*An element is a constituent of a model.
*All elements are subclasses of Element
*Element can own other elements
*No notation for Element - it is ''abstract''
====Relationship ⌘====
[[File:UMLRelationship.png]]

'''''Relationship''''' class
*Used to interconnect elements
*No notation for Relationship as it is ''abstract''

====Directed Relationship ⌘====
[[File:DirectedRelationship.png]]

'''''DirectedRelationship''''' class
*a specialization of a relationship
*source element wants something - a '''client'''
*target element offers something - a '''supplier'''

===Comment⌘===
[[File:UMLComment.png]]
* a textual annotation that can be attached to an element
* may contain information that is useful to a modeler
* can be attached to more than one element

===Constraint⌘===
[[File:Constraint.png]]
* condition or restriction related to an element
* it must always be true
* can be in formal (OCL - Object Constraint Language), programming (e.g. Java), or human language
* syntax:
'''{''' [name :] boolean expression '''}'''
====Constraint Example⌘====
[[File:ClipCapIt-141023-155542.PNG]]

===Expression⌘===
*Expressions specify values resulting from a computation.
* Examples: xor, else, plus(x,1), x+1
* '''Opaque Expression''' specifies the computation of a set of values in UML or any other language.
* Opaque expression may have a language defined e.g. ''{OCL} i > j and self.size > i''

===Classifier⌘===
[[File:ClipCapIt-141022-121434.PNG]]
* an abstract base class
* describes a set of instances that have features in common

===Simple Classifier⌘===
* Simple Classifier specifies various kinds of Classifier that do not have complex internal structure.
* Simple Classifiers are:
** Data type
** Signal
** Interface
====Data type⌘====
[[File:ClipCapIt-151201-154859.PNG]]
[[File:DataTypeExample.png]]

* A data type is a type whose instances are identified only by their value - '''two instances with the same value are indistinguishable (equal)'''.
* A DataType may contain attributes to support the modeling of structured data types.

=====PrimitiveType⌘=====
[[File:primitive.png]]

A primitive type defines a predefined data type, without any relevant substructure.

Instances of primitive type:
*'''Boolean''' (true, false)
*'''Integer''' (..., -1, 0, 1, ...)
*'''UnlimitedNatural''' (*, 0, 1, 2, ...) - the value of unlimited is shown using an asterisk ‘*’
*'''String''' is a sequence of characters within double quotes e.g. "NobleProg"
*'''Real''' [[File:ClipCapIt-141024-151711.PNG]] real numbers using floating point representation shown in decimal notation or scientific notation e.g. 8E2
======PrimitiveType examples⌘======
[[File:ClipCapIt-160407-125042.PNG]]

=====Enumeration⌘=====
[[File:Enumeration.png]]
* An enumeration is a data type whose values are enumerated in the model as enumeration literals.
* Values corresponding to Enumeration Literals are immutable, so any attributes on an Enumeration shall be read-only.
* The Enumeration Literal name is unique within its Enumeration.
* Enumerations can participate in generalization relationships.

===Interface⌘===
* is a kind of classifier that represents a '''declaration''' of a set of coherent public features and obligations
* an interface specifies a '''contract'''; any instance of a classifier that realizes the interface must satisfy that contract
* it is just declaration - so it is '''not instantiable'''

====Provided Interface⌘====
[[File:ProvidedInterface.png]]
* an interface realized by a classifier is its '''provided interface'''
* represent the obligations that instances of that classifier have to satisfy

====Required Interface⌘====
[[File:RequiredInterface.png]]
* specify services that a classifier '''needs''' in order to perform its function
====Interface Example⌘====
[[File:InterfaceExample.png]]

===Structured Classifier⌘===
[[File:CompositeStructureDiagram.png]]
* Describes the internal structure of a classifier and the collaborations that this structure makes possible.
* Structured Classifiers may contain an internal structure of connected elements each of which plays a role.
====Structured Classifier Example⌘====
[[File:ClipCapIt-141023-115107.PNG]]

===Class⌘===
[[File:UMLClass.png]]
* describes a set of objects that share the same specifications of features (attributes and operations)
* is a special classifier
* an object is an instance of a class

===Generalization⌘===
[[File:GeneralizationExample.png]]
* relationship between a more general classifier and a more specific classifier
* each instance of the specific classifier is also an indirect instance of the general classifier
* the specific classifier inherits the features of the more general classifier
====Generalization Example⌘====
[[File:GenExample.png]]

===Association⌘===
[[File:AssociationWithMarks.png]]
* specifies a relationship between instances
* describes a set of tuples whose values refer to typed instances
* declares that there can be links between instances of the associated types

====Multiplicity⌘====
* specifies how many objects of the opposite class an object can be associated with
* is a range of the minimum and maximum values
* syntax: '''number''' or '''min..max'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Multiplicity !! Notation
|-
| zero || '''0''' or '''0..0'''
|-
| exactly one || '''1'''
|-
| zero or one || '''0..1'''
|-
| zero or more || '''0..*''' or '''*'''
|-
| one or more || '''1..*'''
|}

====Multiplicity example⌘====
[[File:MultiplicityExample.png]]

====Multiplicity - order and uniqueness⌘====
[[File:ClipCapIt-141023-182657.PNG]]
* Multiplicity defines a specification of order and uniqueness of the collection elements.
* This option can specify whether the values should be '''unique''' and/or '''ordered'''.
** '''ordered''': the collection of values is sequentially ordered (default: not ordered)
** '''unique''': each value in the collection of values must be unique, no two values in the collection may be equal (default: is unique)

====Aggregation⌘====
[[File:Aggregation.png]] [[File:ClipCapIt-140627-141909.PNG]]
* shows how something ('''whole''') is composed of '''parts'''
* parts can exist separately - can be '''shared'''
* precise semantics of aggregation varies by application area and modeler :)

====Composition⌘====
[[File:UMLComposition.png]] [[File:ClipCapIt-140627-142144.PNG]]
* a strict form of aggregation
* the whole is the owner of its parts
* parts '''can not''' be shared
* the existence of its parts depends on the whole

====Aggregation / Composition Example⌘====
[[File:AggregationBoatCarExample.png]]

====N-ary association⌘====
[[File:TernaryAssociation.png]]
* if an association has more than two end points (here: ternary association)
* Notation: a rhombus is used as a connection point

===Dependency ⌘===
[[File:Dependency.png]]
* a relationship that signifies that a model element(s) requires other model element(s) for their '''specification''' or '''implementation'''
* the complete semantics of the depending elements is dependent on the definition of the supplier element(s)
* the modification of the '''supplier''' may impact the '''client''' model elements
* the semantics of the '''client''' is not complete without the '''supplier'''
* the type of dependency can be specified by using a keyword or stereotype

===Abstract Classifier⌘===
[[File:ClipCapIt-141022-111248.PNG]]
* Abstract Classifier has no direct instances.
* The name of an abstract Classifier is shown in italics or in addition, an abstract Classifier may be shown using {abstract} constraint after or below its name.

===Feature⌘===
[[File:Feature.png]]

* declares a behavioral or structural characteristic of instances of classifiers
* '''structural feature''' describes a structure of an instance of a classifier (e.g. property)
* '''behavioral feature''' specifies an aspect of the behavior of classifier's instances (e.g. operation)
====Property⌘====
[[File:ClipCapIt-171128-152413.PNG]]


====Property Notation⌘====
[[File:ClipCapIt-141022-122321.PNG]]
<property> ::= [<visibility>] [‘/’] <name> [‘:’ <prop-type>] [‘[‘ <multiplicity-range> ‘]’]
[‘=’ <default>] [‘{‘ <prop-modifier > [‘,’ <prop-modifier >]* ’}’]
<visibility> ::= ‘+’ | ‘-‘ | ‘#’ | ‘~’
<prop-modifier> ::= ‘readOnly’ | ‘union’ | ‘subsets’ <property-name>
| ‘redefines’ <property-name> | ‘ordered’ | ‘unordered’
| ‘unique’ | ‘nonunique’ | ‘seq’
| ‘sequence’ | ‘id’ | <prop-constraint>

<inherited-property> ::= ’^’ <property> [[File:ClipCapIt-141024-151711.PNG]]
=====Important Property Modifiers⌘=====
* '''readOnly''' means that the Property is read only.
* '''ordered''' means that the Property is ordered, i.e., isOrdered = true.
* '''unordered''' means that the Property is not ordered, i.e., isOrdered = false.
* '''unique''' means that there are no duplicates in a multi-valued Property, i.e., isUnique = true.
* '''nonunique''' means that there may be duplicates in a multi-valued Property, i.e., isUnique = false.
* '''id''' means that the Property is part of the identifier for the class.

====Property = End or Attribute⌘====
[[File:Attribute.png]]

====Navigability⌘====
[[File:Navigability.png]]
* specifies whether one object can be accessed directly from another
====Visibility Example⌘====
[[File:VisibilityExample.png]]

====Operation⌘====
* a '''behavioral feature''' of a classifier, which specifies name, type, parameters, and constraints
* can have preconditions and postconditions
* can have a type (the type of the return parameter)
[<visibility>] <name> ‘(‘ [<parameter-list>] ‘)’ [‘:’ [<return-type>]
[‘[‘ <multiplicity-range> ‘]’] [‘{‘ <oper-property> [‘,’ <oper-property>]* ‘}’]]
<oper-property> ::= ‘redefines’ <oper-name> | ‘query’ | ‘ordered’ | ‘unordered’
| ‘unique’ | ‘nonunique’ | ‘seq’ | ‘sequence’ | <oper-constraint>
=====Operation examples⌘=====
<div></div>
+createWindow (location: Coordinates, container: Container [0..1]): Window
+toString (): String
+toString(return : String)
<br/>
<div style="color:red;font-weight: bold;">INCORRECT:</div>
Sub CalledProcedure(ByRef X As Long, ByVal Y As Long)
int addition (int a, int b)



===Signals and Receptions⌘===
[[File:ClipCapIt-161004-171226.PNG]]
* Signals and Receptions are used to model asynchronous communication between objects.
* A Signal is a specification of a kind of communication between objects in which a reaction is asynchronously triggered in the receiver without a reply.
* The data carried by the communication are represented as attributes of the Signal.
* A Signal is defined independently of the Classifiers handling it.
====Reception ⌘====
[[File:ClipCapIt-160407-131547.PNG]]
* A Reception is a declaration stating that a Classifier '''is prepared to react''' to the receipt of a Signal.
* The name of the Reception matches the name of the Signal, and the parameter of the Reception matches the attribute of the Signal.
* By declaring a Reception associated to a given Signal, a Classifier specifies that its instances will be able to receive that Signal, or a subtype thereof, and will respond to it with the designated Behavior.

===Static Feature⌘===
[[File:ClipCapIt-150924-151618.PNG]]
* Characteristic relates to the Classifier’s instances may be considered individually (non static), or to the Classifier itself (static).
* Notation: static features are <u>underlined</u>.

</div>

OCUP2F 02 Class Diagram - Revision history

Ivasiletc at 10:13, 28 April 2021