Łukasz Sokołowski at 17:51, 3 August 2017

2017-08-03T17:51:34Z

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LPIC-2-Scratchpad

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<slideshow style="nobleprog" headingmark="⌘" incmark="⌘" scaled="false" font="Trebuchet MS" >
;title: LPIC-2
;author: Tytus Kurek (NobleProg)
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==201.2 Compiling a kernel⌘==

<center>[[File:LPIC-201-03.png|500px]]</center>
<center><nowiki>https://www.lpi.org/linux-certifications/programs/lpic-2/exam-201</nowiki></center>

===Why to compile the kernel?⌘===

* '''To enable specific drivers / modules'''
* '''To enable experimental features and drivers'''
* '''To modularize the kernel'''
* '''To reduce kernel size'''
* '''To develop kernel modules'''
* '''To reproduce the kernel used by someone else'''
* '''To pick up a girl :)'''

===Kernel compilation and installation⌘===

* '''Download kernel source code from the official Linux kernel [https://www.kernel.org/ website]
* '''Extract kernel archive inside the ''/usr/src'' directory'''
* '''Configure the kernel using proper ''make'' target'''
* '''Compile the kernel into a desired format'''
* '''Compile kernel modules'''
* '''Install kernel modules'''
* '''Install the kernel'''
* '''Create ''initrd'' or ''initramfs'''''
* '''Point the bootloader at the new kernel'''

===Make targets⌘===

* '''make config''' - configures the kernel using a CLI-base dialog
* '''make menuconfig''' - configures the kernel using a CLI-based menu
* '''make xconfig''' - configures the kernel using a GUI-based menu
* '''make oldconfig''' - configures the kernel using the ''.config'' file
* '''make''' - compiles the kernel in the vmlinux format
* '''make zimage''' - compiles the kernel in the zImage form
* '''make bzimage''' - compiles the kernel in the bzImage format
* '''make modules''' - compiles kernel modules
* '''make modules_install''' - installs kernel modules into the ''/lib/modules/'' directory
* '''make mrproper''' - restores the build directory to its original state

===Initrd and Initramfs⌘===

* '''INITRD''' (''INITial Ram Disk''):
** ''initrd.img-[kernel version]''
** image containing temporary file system binaries
** loaded into memory (''/dev/ram'' device) during the boot process and mounted as an initial root filesystem
** contains programs necessary for hardware detection, kernel modules loading and hardware detection
* '''INITRAMFS''' (''INITial RAM FileSystem''):
** ''initramfs.img-[kernel version]''
** cpio archive fulfilling the same functions as ''initrd'', but omitting some of its limitations
* '''Management tools''':
** '''mkinitrd''' - creates initrd
** '''mkinitramfs''' - creates initramfs
* '''Lab Exercise 201.2'''

==204.3 Logical Volume Manager⌘==

<center>[[File:LPIC-201-02.png|500px]]</center>
<center><nowiki>https://www.lpi.org/linux-certifications/programs/lpic-2/exam-201</nowiki></center>

===General concept and basic terms⌘===

* '''LVM structure''':
** '''Physical Volume''' - physical block device (e.g. partition, disk, RAID device)
** '''Volume Group''' - virtual container consisting of one or more Physical Volumes
** '''Logical Volume''' - virtual block device provided by the Volume Group
* '''Device Mapper''' - kernel driver which passes data from virtual device to block device
* '''/dev/mapper''' - contains files of virtual devices provided by the Device Mapper
* '''lvm2''' - package containing LVM binaries and libraries

===Physical Volume management tools⌘===

* '''pvcreate''' - initializes a Physical Volume on the physical device
* '''pvremove''' - removes the Physical Volume
* '''pvdisplay''' - displays Physical Volume's attributes
* '''pvchange''' - changes Physical Volume's attributes
* '''pvs''' - displays Physical Volume's information
* '''pvresize''' - changes size of the Physical Volume
* '''pvscan''' - scans all system devices for Physical Volumes
* '''pvmove''' - moves physical extents from one Physical Volume to another

===Volume Group management tools⌘===

* '''vgcreate''' - creates a Volume Group from the Physical Volumes
* '''vgremove''' - removes the Volume Group
* '''vgdisplay''' - displays Volume Group's attributes
* '''vgchange''' - changes Volume Group's attributes
* '''vgrename''' - changes name of the Volume Group
* '''vgs''' - displays Volume Group's information
* '''vgextend''' - adds a Physical Volume to the Volume Group
* '''vgreduce''' - removes a Physical Volume from the Volume Group
* '''vgscan''' - scans all system devices for Volume Groups
* '''vgmerge''' - merges two separate Volume Groups into a single Volume Group
* '''vgsplit''' - splits the Volume Group into two separate Volume Groups

===Logical Volume management tools⌘===

* '''lvcreate''' - creates a Logical Volume from the Volume Group
* '''lvremove''' - removes the Logical Volume
* '''lvdisplay''' - displays Logical Volume's attributes
* '''lvchange''' - changes Logical Volume's attributes
* '''lvrename''' - changes name of the Logical Volume
* '''lvresize''' - changes size of the Logical Volume
* '''lvs''' - displays Logical Volume's information
* '''lvextend''' - extends size of the Logical Volume
* '''lvreduce''' - reduces size of the Logical Volume
* '''lvscan''' - scans all system devices for Logical Volumes
* '''Lab Exercise 204.3'''

==205.1 Basic networking configuration⌘==

<center>[[File:LPIC-201-01.png|500px]]</center>
<center><nowiki>https://www.lpi.org/linux-certifications/programs/lpic-2/exam-201</nowiki></center>

===Network interfaces configuration⌘===

* '''Configuration files''':
** '''/etc/network/interfaces''' - on Debian systems
** '''/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-[interface name]''' - on RedHat systems
* '''Configuration tools''':
** '''ifconfig''' - network interface configuration tool
** '''ifup''' - brings network interface up
** '''ifdown''' - brings network interface down
* '''Supporting tools'''"
** '''arp''' - displays ARP table

===Wireless network interfaces configuration⌘===

* '''Wireless network specific parameters''':
** '''ESSID''' - wireless network name
** '''PSK''' - pre-shared key
** '''frequency''', '''channel''', '''modulation''', etc.
* '''Configuration files''':
** '''/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf''' - wpa_supplicant configuration file
* '''Configuration tools''':
** '''iwconfig''' - wireless network interface configuration tool
** '''iwlist''' - displays parameters of wireless network interfaces
* '''Most often configured via Desktop environment'''

===Routing configuration⌘===

* '''Manual''':
** '''route''' command:
route add -net [network IP] netmask [SM] gw [next hop IP] [interface name]
** '''ip route''' command:
ip route add [network IP / SM] via [next hop IP] dev [interface name]
* '''Via configuration files''':
** Debian (/etc/network/interfaces):
up [manual command]
** RedHat (/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-[interface name]):
[network IP/ SM] via [next hop IP] dev [interface name]
* '''Lab Exercise 205.1'''

LPIC-2-Scratchpad - Revision history

Łukasz Sokołowski at 17:51, 3 August 2017